The Legacy of Ruth Ginsburg or Significant Women's Rights Research Paper

The Legacy of Ruth Ginsburg or Significant Women's Rights Contributions of Ruth Ginsburg to the Twenth Century - Research Paper Example It is not possible to fully cover Ginsburgs contributions to womens rights in a paper of this limited scope. However, it will highlight her most importatnt work, and show how the progression of her legal reasoning has become the cornerstone of todays womens movement. Ruth Bader Ginsburg is one of womens rights foremost advocates, and she has earned a place in history as a woman that has led by example as well as action. Ginsburg immersed herself in womens issues at an early point in her professional life, and they became a hallmark of her career. Ginsburg was a groundbreaker, and at Harvard Law School she was one of only eight women out of a class of 500. She transferred to Columbia, where she graduated at the top of her class, though gender discrimination overshadowed her academic achievements.1 Ginsburg joined the faculty at Rutgers, and became "only the second female on the schools faculty and among the first 20 women law professors in the country".2 She became the first law professor at Harvard, directed the Womens Rights Project at the ACLU, and by 1973 Ginsburg was arguing a Supreme Court case regarding equal benefits for men and women in the armed forces.3 Ginsburg gained the attention of President Jimmy Carter by winning 5 out of 6 Supreme Court cases, and consistently arguing that the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment applied to gender as well as race.4 Carter appointed Ginsbur g to the United States Court of appeals for the District of Columbia, and in 1993 she was "confirmed by the Senate in a vote of 96 to 3, becoming the 107th Supreme Court Justice, its second female jurist", and an outspoken advocate for womens rights on the bench.5 Since that date she has been instrumental in furthering the cause of gender equality in America. Her early work with the ACLU on the Womens Rights Project prepared her legal skills for writing the Supreme Court decision on United States v.

The Reflex Arm of Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Reflex Arm of Behavior - Research Paper Example We should thus not treat cats, or animals in general, badly if they happen to do something to hurt us. Most likely, they were only responding to the environment as they sense it, and they did not mean to cause any harm. Why Study Cat Communication? The most important drive for the study of cat communication, particularly those of domesticated cats (Felis catus) is the prevention of untoward incidents between these pets and their owners. Despite their advanced communicating skills relative to other animals, theirs is still primitive as compared to humans. Thus, they are still incapable of giving explicit signals for the message they want to give out. As will be mentioned later, they have similar behavior for two different emotions. Idiosyncrasies of Cats One of the most characteristic traits of domestic cats is its knack for going for long periods without face-to-face encounters with other cats. They may not tolerate long periods of interaction. A moment of showing affection is fine; although cats may feel agitated once they feel they are confined to such for a long time (animal.discovery.com). ... Thus, domestic cats are capable of moving from being fully man-dependent, through commensalism, to total independent existence just within a few generations. One implication of this change within a few generations is that the ancestral, wild side of domestic cats is still retained, as evidenced by the occasional mouse-hunting inside their owners’ homes. The retention of their wild side is also influenced by the fact that most of the time, the home-made foods given to them by their owners are not enough to provide for the nutrition they need as obligate carnivores, such as arachidonic acid, niacin and taurine. They need to retain their hunting abilities to provide for the other nutrients that the food man provides lack (Bradshaw et al., 1999). What is interesting about cats, the owned ones especially, is that they are not really particular with the breed of their mates. Except for the purely domesticated, totally human-dependent Persian and Siamese cats, populations of domestic cats are free to interbreed with one another. However, the isolation of these pure breeds may have been artificially induced. In cases in which a Persian or Siamese cats mate with other cats, the pure breed genes that have penetrated the general pet population do not stay for long, because the phenotype of the interbred progeny, particularly their shortened jaws and long coats, is not ideal for a free-ranging lifestyle (Bradshaw et al., 1999). Fear and Aggression Despite being seemingly different, fear and aggression illicit a similar response of showing superiority over the object of fear or aggression. That is why both behaviors are the ones most difficult to

Sugary Drinks Essay Example for Free

Sugary Drinks Essay Beverages are different types of drinks made for human consumption to quench thirst. Sugary drinks or soft drink is one type of beverage, which is added with sugar such as Coca Cola which is a common soft drink. Energy drinks are also known as sugary drinks. Sugary drinks have many reasons for and against regulating it. Although sugary drinks are in favor of many people, it is also important to note that it is in opposition to others in a nation at large which gives use to the question of whether sugary drinks should be regulated or not. This essay will discuss the reasons why the government should not and should regulate sugary drinks. To begin with, a reason against regulating sugary drinks is that it generates employment opportunities for the nation. Sugary drinks companies will need a high manual labor component in its various manufacturing process, therefore locals based near the factory are mostly recruited. For instance, as shown in the annual reports, â€Å"Coca Cola Amatil Limited employs approximately fifteen thousand people across the group† (Coca Cola Amatil Limited 2013, p. 75). Ultimately, unemployment rate in an economy is maintained which further leads to economic growth. In addition, alongside employment, a few sugary drinks are beneficial for the people. Such drinks are energy drinks which contain vitamins and proteins in it such as Powerade, V-drink and Mother. Players consume these energy drinks while training, before playing and also after playing to be energized. In the case of Fiji Marist 7s tournament, â€Å"Coca Cola Amatil Limited providing the Powerade dinks that replenishes electrolytes, carbohydrates and vitamins during physical activity† (Kumar 2013, p. 45). Hence, sugary energy drinks are highly valuable for the strength of the players. Furthermore, choice of drinks is sighted as a personal right. Every citizen of a country has the full rights and freedom to choose what they want to consume regardless of the drawbacks. In other words, a person cannot be turned away from others decisions. To illustrate, according to David, â€Å"I criticize Conly’s defense of the soft drink ban and offer my own view of the justification for paternalise food and beverage policies† (Resnik 2014). Therefore, choosing between the various types of drinks to consume is entirely dependable on a person itself. However, there is another side to this argument. It is evenly important to recognize the arguments against regulating sugary drinks. This essay discusses the arguments against sugary drinks. Equally, a major reason for regulating sugary drinks is to prevent non-communicable diseases among children. Daily consumption of sugary drinks leads to weight gain, poor diet and health and tooth decay in children. Meanwhile, there is less control of sugar level which leads to diabetes. Children are too young to suffer from such non-communicable diseases. For example, A thoughtful redesign of a school environment with changes to school dietary options, implementation of reduction of access to sugary soft drinks resulted in a deadline in the prevalence of overweight from 20. 8% in the 2004-2005 school years to 20. 4% in 2005-2006 (Environmental Health Perspective 2009, p. 159). Thus, making amendments to access of sugary drinks in schools will avert non-communicable diseases. Moreover, another reason for regulating sugary drinks is to reduce pollution in an economy. A greater manufacturing process of soft drinks in a factory produces toxic wastes into the community which harms the lives of the people living near the factory. This includes environmental as well as marine pollution. It can cause skin rashes, ulcers and respiratory problems. Also, food from marine sources will affect the health such as upset stomach. An example would be that â€Å"The Non Government Organization found high levels of toxic chromium and other pollutants in the soil and water around five Coca Cola and Pepsico plants in northern India† (Googleschorlar 2010). Thus, regulating sugary drinks reduces the risks of ones life that is affected by pollution. Finally, regulating sugary drinks helps a government minimize its health care costs. Higher health care costs directly cause increase in health insurance, hence minimizing the costs, helps the government use the remaining funds in the other ministry departments. As revealed by the Vice President of Fiji, Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi, in a recent announcement that â€Å"the government expenditure has steadily increased over the years to an alarming level and at a cost of two million dollars to health services† (International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 2007, p. 538) As a result, the expenditures of the government need to be adhered to and decreased. In conclusion, the essay discussed the reasons for and against sugary drinks and why the government should not and should regulate it. In contrast, regulating sugary drinks are more important. Regulating sugary drinks is of more importance because it creates non-communicable diseases, pollution and adds costs to the health care system. The government should make sure that its citizen is ardent in taking care of their health. If the public continues to limit their consumption of sugary drinks, then the nation would be able to combat the tribulations of sugary drinks.

Music in Jane Austens Persuasion Essays -- Austen Persuasion Essays

Music in Jane Austen's Persuasion      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Persuasion Jane Austen tells the story of Anne, a young woman who suffers terrible losses yet does not let these losses embitter her.   But the death of her mother during Anne's youth and the loss of her true love in her early adulthood certainly leave their mark on Anne.  Ã‚   She survives with great strength of character, yet she withdraws from life.   But Anne does not withdraw alone; she takes her music with her.   Music has been called the language of the heart.   It has an enduring quality, and it can cross barriers and build bridges.   Music moves us.   Words, too, can cross barriers, build bridges, and touch our hearts; and like beautiful music, a good story is timeless.   In Persuasion, Austen uses music to define Anne's character, to show her connectedness to people or her lack of it, and to show her gradual reawakening to life and to love.    Anne's great depth of character is illustrated by her appreciation of books and music, two things that give her deep and lasting pleasure.   When confronted by Mary for being tardy in coming to her, Anne mentions that she had "a great many things" (41) to do in getting ready to leave Kellynch Hall.   Most of her preparations are for her father and Elizabeth, but when talking about preparing her own possessions to be moved, the only items she mentions specifically are her "books and music" (41).   Anne's regard for books and music is also seen as Anne compares herself to the Miss Musgroves.   The Miss Musgroves use music, but for purposes other than the purely artistic appreciation of it.   They have a "grand piano forte and a harp," but their time is not invested in playing them, but in arranging the piano and harp, along with "flower stands ... ...e pattern.   Anne, like Cinderella, is a young woman who is mistreated by her own family and who has lost her only true love because of their interference.   Yet, like a fairytale heroine, Anne triumphs over adversity and is reunited with her Prince Charming.   Austen uses the timelessness of music to develop this story. She weaves together two parallel interactions, Anne's relationship with Captain Wentworth and Anne's relationship with music, just as a musician weaves together the melody and harmony in a song.   Each of these relationships enriches and mirrors the other; they are "instrumental to the connexion" (235).   Tales of romance are tales of the heart, and Austen desires to stir our hearts.   What better way to communicate Anne's story than with music, the language of the heart.        Work Cited Austen, Jane.   Persuasion. 1818. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.

The Masculine and Feminine in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Since time immemorial, men and women struggle against each other because of the issue on power, control and domination. William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream similarly depicts men and women who are at odds due to their differing beliefs and values.Through the characters of Theseus, Hippolyta, Oberon, Titania, Egeus, Hermia, Demetrius and Helena, Shakespeare represents that the feminine is struggling against the authority and domination of the masculine and the masculine is maintaining its authority and domination over the feminine. This essay attempts to explain how Shakespeare accomplishes to characterize the feminine and the masculine through the men and women in the play.A Midsummer Night’s Dream illustrates that women attempt to go against male domination in the story but they are almost always controlled by men. Examples of feminine disobedience to the patriarchal rule are demonstrated by Hermia, Titania, Helena and Hippolyta.At the start of the st ory, Hermia does not follow his father Egeus’ decision for her to marry Demetrius. Instead, she chooses Lysander because she loves him. She resists his father’s right to decide whom to choose for her future husband. She would rather choose to live as a nun or to even die for breaking the Athenian law than to be married to Demetrius. When she was brought by her father into the presence of Theseus, she speaks these words:So will I grow, so live, so die, my lord,/ Ere I will yield my virgin patent up/ Unto his lordship, whose unwished yoke/ My soul consents not to give sovereignty. (I.i. 79-82)These words reveal the beliefs of the feminine that they would rather choose other options like being a nun or being sentenced to death than to suffer being with a man they do not love. It also expresses the belief that the woman alone has the right to decide whom to allow dominion over her.Similarly, Titania queen of the Faeries does not yield to her husband’s wish to make a â€Å"changeling boy† who was given to her by an Indian King to be his page. Titania stands by what she wants and she resolves that she will take care of the boy especially that the boy’s mother who is already was her loyal follower.So she tells her husband Oberon, â€Å"And for her sake I rear up the boy, / And for her sake I will not part with him† (II.i. 136-137) and she defies the masculine authority of Oberon. Titania’s decision and actions relate that even if a woman is married to a man, it does not mean the wife will submit to everything the husband wants.On the other hand, Helena complains on the limitations of women, â€Å"We cannot fight for love, as men may do; / We should be woo’d and were not made to woo./ I’ll follow thee and make a heaven of hell,/ To die upon the hand I love so well† (II.i. 241-244).She resists moral conventions that only men can pursue after the women. She follows Demetrius even if he drives him away from him. She bluntly tells Demetrius: The more you beat me, I will fawn on you./ Use me but as your spaniel, spurn me, strike me,/   Neglect me, lose me; only give me leave/, Unworthy as I am, to follow you. (II.i. 204-207).Helena and her actions exemplify women who are liberated and who wants to be equal with men in terms of expressing their feelings to the one they love.Lastly, Hippolyta is a symbol of a woman who fought against male aggression but was conquered. In Act I Scene 1 of the play, Theseus, Duke of Athens, mentions about winning over Hippolyta’s love with his â€Å"sword† and by inflicting her with â€Å"injuries† which could mean that Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons has been defiant against the masculine authority of Theseus before he became triumphant.And even though she is already betrothed to Theseus and does not say anything more about the wedding, it is uncertain if she heartily agrees to it. Despite of this, Hippolyta is an example of a w oman who is courageous to fight. Unfortunately, she is also an example of the feminine that is usually defeated by the masculine. Her fate is also what happens to Titania.

Iago Vs. Moriarty an Argumentative Comparison - 1364 Words

In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the antagonist Iago shows evil motivations towards the protagonist Othello that could be considered obsessive. This pattern of behavior can be compared to the BBC television rendition of Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes and its antagonist Moriarty. Iago and Moriarty’s obsessive behavior greatly effect Othello and Sherlock’s lives respectively that provide a solid argumentative comparison between the two. William Shakespeare’s Othello presents and â€Å"evil† character, Iago, who can be compared to the Arthur Conan Doyle TV adaption of BBC Sherlock’s Moriarty. Iago takes on many different persona’s to enact his plan of revenge upon Othello. He plays the friend, a trustworthy and credible source of†¦show more content†¦Fallings just like flying except theres a more permanent destination.† (Sherlock.) The Fall is referring to Jim’s plan to blackmail Sherlock into suicide or else his friends would be targeted. Moriarty seems to be so insecure about his cleverness that he would kill and target innocent people to get the glory he believes her deserves. This plan parallels to Iago’s against Othello. The event of Othello’s elopement is the turning point for Iago’s obsession and plot to destroy his life by sabotaging his relationships with Desdemona and his closest friends. Othello’s tragic flaw of trusting the wrong people leads him to his demise. Iago’s first plan of action brings Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, into play. He speaks of how â€Å"The Moor†, Othello, is deflowering his daughter’s purity. â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram / Is tupping your white ewe† (1.1.88-89) (Othello.) Iago’s obsession goes so far as to bring his own wife into his plot without her knowledge. Iago asks Emilia to steal Desdemona’s handkerchief as â€Å"evidence† of her infidelity. â€Å"My wayward husband hath a hundred times / Woo’d me to steal it; but she so loves the token....I’ll have the work ta’en out, And give’t Iago: what he will do with it Heaven knows, not I; I nothing but to please his fantasy.† (3.3.292-299) (Othello.) A man who prided himself on being trustworthy was so blinded with jealousy and hatred that he would sabotage his own wife to take down Othello’s life. Pride is also a

49 Unforgettable F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes

F. Scott Fitzgerald is an American writer known for works like The Great Gatsby and Tender is the Night, along with other novels and short stories. Read 49 quotes from the life and works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Quotes About Women A letter to his daughter, November 18, 1938 A great social success is a pretty girl who plays her cards as carefully as if she were plain. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Debut: the first time a young girl is seen drunk in public. Tender Is the Night It took him a moment to respond to the unguarded sweetness of her smile, her body calculated to a millimeter to suggest a bud yet guarantee a flower. Quotes About Men The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Men get to be a mixture of the charming mannerisms of the women they have known. The Great Gatsby No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart. This Side of Paradise The idea that to make a man work youve got to hold gold in front of his eyes is a growth, not an axiom. Weve done that for so long that weve forgotten theres any other way. Life and Love The Offshore Pirate, Flappers and Philosophers All life is just a progression toward, and then a recession from, one phrase — I love you. Tender is the Night Either you think — or else others have to think for you and take power from you, pervert and discipline your natural tastes, civilize, and sterilize you. The Great Gatsby Every one suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald The kiss originated when the first male reptile licked the first female reptile, implying in a subtle, complimentary way that she was as succulent as the small reptile he had for dinner the night before. The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, Tales of the Jazz Age At any rate, let us love for a while, for a year or so, you and me. Thats a form of divine drunkenness that we can all try. This Side of Paradise There used to be two kinds of kisses. First, when girls were kissed and deserted; second, when they were engaged. Now theres a third kind, where the man is kissed and deserted. If Mr. Jones of the nineties bragged hed kissed a girl, everyone knew he was through with her. If Mr. Jones of 1919 brags the same, everyone knows its because he cant kiss her anymore. On Writing A letter to his daughter All good writing is swimming under water and holding your breath. The Crack-Up Boredom is not an end-product, is comparatively rather an early stage in life and art. Youve got to go by or past or through boredom, as through a filter, before the clear product emerges. A letter to his daughter, April 27, 1940 Often I think writing is a sheer paring away of oneself leaving always something thinner, barer, more meager. A letter to his daughter, August 3, 1940 Poetry is either something that lives like fire inside you — like music to the musician or Marxism to the Communist — or else it is nothing, an empty formalized bore around which pedants can endlessly drone their notes and explanations. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Show me a hero and I will write you a tragedy. When the first-rate author wants an exquisite heroine or a lovely morning, he finds that all the superlatives have been worn shoddy by his inferiors. It should be a rule that bad writers must start with plain heroines and ordinary mornings, and, if they are able, work up to something better. One Hundred False Starts Mostly, we authors must repeat ourselves — thats the truth. We have two or three great moving experiences in our lives — experiences so great and moving that it doesnt seem at the time that anyone else has been so caught up and pounded and dazzled and astonished and beaten and broken and rescued and illuminated and rewarded and humbled in just that way ever before. The Last Tycoon Writers arent people exactly. Or, if theyre any good, theyre a whole lot of people trying so hard to be one person. Its like actors, who try so pathetically not to look in mirrors. Who lean backward trying — only to see their faces in the reflecting chandeliers. Youth and Aging The Diamond as Big as the Ritz, Tales of the Jazz Age Everybodys youth is a dream, a form of chemical madness. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald Genius goes around the world in its youth incessantly apologizing for having large feet. What wonder that later in life it should be inclined to raise those feet too swiftly to fools and bores. It is in the 30s that we want friends. In the 40s, we know they wont save us any more than love did. Cavalcade of America Radio Show The man who arrives young believes that he exercises his will because his star is shining. The man who only asserts himself at 30 has a balanced idea of what willpower and fate have each contributed. The one who gets there at 40 is liable to put the emphasis on will alone. The compensation of very early success is a conviction that life is a romantic matter. In the best sense, one stays young. A letter to his cousin Cici After all, life hasnt much to offer except youth, and I suppose for older people, the love of youth in others. Bernice Bobs Her Hair At 18 our convictions are hills from which we look; at 45 they are caves in which we hide. O Russet Witch! The years between 35 and 65 revolve before the passive mind as one unexplained, confusing merry-go-round. True, they are a merry-go-round of ill-gaited and wind-broken horses, painted first in pastel colors, then in dull grays and browns, but perplexing and intolerably dizzy the thing is, as never were the merry-go-rounds of childhood or adolescence; as never, surely, were the certain-coursed, dynamic roller-coasters of youth. For most men and women these 30 years are taken up with a gradual withdrawal from life. Places The Swimmers France was a land, England was a people, but America, having about it still that quality of the idea, was harder to utter — it was the graves at Shiloh and the tired, drawn, nervous faces of its great men, and the country boys dying in the Argonne for a phrase that was empty before their bodies withered. It was a willingness of the heart. Letter, July 29, 1940 Isnt Hollywood a dump — in the human sense of the word. A hideous town pointed up by the insulting gardens of its rich, full of the human spirit at a new low of debasement. Great One-Liners The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald No grand idea was ever born in a conference, but a lot of foolish ideas have died there. Optimism is the content of small men in high places. An idea ran back and forward in his head like a blind man knocking over the solid furniture. Forgotten is forgiven. You can stroke people with words. A letter to his daughter, September 19, 1938 Nothing is as obnoxious as other peoples luck Notes for The Last Tycoon Action is character. The Great Gatsby Personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures. Sometimes it is harder to deprive oneself of a pain than of a pleasure. The Crack-Up The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function. The Beautiful and Damned The victor belongs to the spoils. Society and Culture A letter to his daughter, August 24, 1940 Advertising is a racket, like the movies and the brokerage business. You cannot be honest without admitting that its constructive contribution to humanity is exactly minus zero. This Side of Paradise People try so hard to believe in leaders now, pitifully hard. But we no sooner get a popular reformer or politician or soldier or writer or philosopher — a Roosevelt, a Tolstoi, a Wood, a Shaw, a Nietzsche, than the cross-currents of criticism wash him away. My Lord, no man can stand prominence these days. Its the surest path to obscurity. People get sick of hearing the same name over and over. The Rich Boy Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is very difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they are better than we are because we had to discover the compensations and refuges of life for ourselves. Even when they enter deep into our world or sink below us, they still think that they are better than we are. They are different. Letter to Ernest Hemingway, August 1936 Riches have never fascinated me, unless combined with the greatest charm or distinction. Babylon Revisited Family quarrels are bitter things. They dont go according to any rules. Theyre not like aches or wounds; theyre more like splits in the skin that wont heal because theres not enough material. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald The easiest way to get a reputation is to go outside the fold, shout around for a few years as a violent atheist or a dangerous radical, and then crawl back to the shelter. The Past Show Mr. and Mrs. F. to Number — It is sadder to find the past again and find it inadequate to the present than it is to have it elude you and remain forever a harmonious conception of memory. The Great Gatsby So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. Sources: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Selected Letters by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A.B. Rudnev, 2018. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, October 1, 1978. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Flappers and Philosophers. Vintage Classics, Vintage, September 8, 2009. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tales of the Jazz Age. Vintage Classics, Vintage, August 10, 2010. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. F. Scott Fitzgerald on One Hundred False Starts. The Saturday Evening Post, March 4, 1933. Various Authors. Cavalcade of America. CBS, 1937. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Swimmers. The Saturday Evening Post, October 19, 1929. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Babylon Revisited. The Saturday Evening Post, February 21, 1931. Fitzgerald, F. Scott and Zelda. Show Mr. and Mrs. F. to Number —. Esquire, May 1, 1934.